Definition and Examples of Person in English Grammar

In English grammar, the category of person  (etymology from the Latin persona, mask) identifies the relationship between a subject and its verb, showing whether the subject is speaking about itself (first person—I or we); being spoken to (second person—you); or being spoken about (third person—he, she, it, or they). Also called a grammatical person. Personal pronouns are so called because they are the pronouns to which the grammatical system of person applies. Reflexive pronouns, intensive pronouns, and possessive determiners also show distinctions in person. Examples and Observations According to linquistics expert, William OGrady, PhD, A widely attested type of verbal inflection in human language involves person—a category that typically distinguishes among the first person (the speaker), the second person (the addressee), and the third person (anyone else). In many languages, the verb is marked for both person and number (singular or plural) of the subject. When one category is inflected for properties (such as person and number) of another, the first category is said to agree with the second....Modern English has a [comparatively] impoverished system of person and number agreement in the verb, and an inflectional affix is used only for the third person singular in the non-past tense.   Bruce Woodley and Dobe Newton I amYou areWe are Australian. John Lennon and Paul McCartney I am he as you are he as you are me and we are all together. The Three Persons in English (present tense) 1. First person: Walt Whitman I see great things in baseball. The TalmudWe see things as we are. 2. Second person: George Bernard Shaw You see things, and you say Why? 3. Third person: G.K. Chesterton The traveler sees what he sees; the tourist sees what he has come to see. Oscar Wilde [M]urder is always a mistake. One should never do anything that one cannot talk about after dinner. Julius Gordon Love is not blind: it sees more, not less. Mike Tyson They see me as some sort of pathetic character. The Forms of Be According to The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar, Be is unique among English verbs in having three distinctive person forms in the present tense (am, is, are) and two in the past tense (was, were). Other verbs have a distinctive form only for the third person singular of the present tense (e.g., has, does, wants, etc., as opposed to have, do, want, etc.). Sources Aarts, Bas, Sylvia Chalker, and Edmund Weiner. The Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar. 2nd ed, Oxford University Press, 2014. Chesterton, G.K. Autobiography. Hutchinson Co., 1936. Lennon, John and Paul McCartney. I Am the Walrus. Parlophone, 1967. OGrady, William et al. Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction. Bedford, 2001. Shaw, George Bernard, Back to Methuselah, Selected Plays With Prefaces, vol. 2, Dodd Mead Co., 1949, p. 7. Tyson, Mike. Quoted in Wallace Matthews, Desperate Tyson Prepares For His Real Last Stand. The New York Sun, 23 June, 2004. Whitman, Walt. With Walt Whitman in Camden by Horace Traubel, vol. 4, no. 508, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1953. Wilde, Oscar, The Picture of Dorian Gray. Lippincotts Monthly Magazine, July 1890, pp. 1-100. Woodley, Bruce and Dobe Newton. I Am Australian. EMI Australia, 1997.

A Few Things Wrong With Me - 2267 Words

It Doesn’t matter if the short story was based on true events or not. When its written about death or losing loved ones, it always reminds you of the people that were so close at once and then gone forever. Many people all over the world deal with their feelings of losing someone. So people cry, and some keep the emotions in and let it burn inside. â€Å"A Few Things Wrong with Me† by Lydia Davis and â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† by Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. and â€Å"Harvey’s Dream† by Stephen King are three examples of how character’s have lost their loved ones in a different way. Some were killed and some were faded away. It also shows unhappy happy relationships. Two of the three books also have a comparison of people that have problems in their life or forced to be in a problem. These three short stories are written from different authors perspective and have difficult plots but there is one thing that gathers them together, it is the despair that was left in their souls by the loved ones. In these three short stories a person dies or has left someone forever, but all in different aspects. Loosing a person that had a spot in your life isn’t an easy thing to forget but also leaves a mark in your heart forever. Two the three books also have a comparison of people that have problems in life or forced to be in a problem In the short story â€Å"A Few Things Wrong with Me† by Lydia Davis, shows how a female character is hated by the one person she loved the most in life. How the person she loved theShow MoreRelated Teens And The Media Essay836 Words   |  4 Pagesexpression. Teens are just finding these things as outlets for emotion and expression. The media uses these things and utilizes them in a sort of campaign to portray us as bad and untrusting. Teens are not only portrayed as delinquents but also as disloyal, jobless, untrusting monsters. 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Eadweard Muybridge 1830-1904 Talented Photographers

Question: Discuss about the Report for Eadweard Muybridge 1830-1904 of Talented Photographers. Answer: Introduction Eadweard Muybridge is one of the most known talented photographers in the world though he died long time ago. He was born in England in the year 1830 in town called Surrey. He later moved to the United States of America in the year 1851 where he worked has a commission merchant for London printing and publishing company. While doing the merchant job, he was privileged to learn about photographic work from Selleck who used to produce images on a plate of chemically treated metal or glass. He died 74 years later. This photographer developed the best types of photos, which are far much best than those produced by the person who taught him artistic work. Characteristics of Muybridge This man possesses some distinctive characteristics which are very fundamental in the line of business. One of the most important significant characters he had was passion. This is viewed from the way he liked his job of photographing. He was always into his job and he never complained about it even for a single time. Muybridge left the work with the printing firm in order to fully base his work on the call for best sets of photographing work (Evans Glass, 2014). Furthermore, he traveled far and wide to take photographs and display them. Additionally he was a very hardworking man. Muybridge left his home country in search for job opportunity in another country was an aspect of hard work. He traveled all the way to the United States of America in search for green pastures at a very tender age of 20. This gives us an explicit view that he liked to grow to be an independent man in the society (Muybridge et al, 2010). This aspect is also illustrated through opening of his own firm and c ompanies dealing with printing work at the same time photo shop. Supplementary, he has seen has a very determined man. Despite the fact that there were great photographers in California the likes of Charles Weed and Robert Vance, he was never deterred but affirmed and started his photographing works. When he entered into this new market, he became the best beating his proponents in the industry. This generated the new person in him and thus opened his photo shop in California. Importance of the photographer Through the study of works of Muybridge, one depicts some of the most important features as shown by the work of this man. One of the advantages of studying this is to equip ourselves on the development and the enhancement of the photographic work. One gets the view that it was started way back in the 1980s with Muybridge being among the pioneers of the evolution of this artistic work. Through these studies, we realize that for one to succeed in this field, one ought to be dedicated. Muybridge travelled very far in the process of establishing himself in this field. The fanatics of photographer are given the knowledge, which requires them to always perform several trials in order to produce the intended results. This man tried several shots from all of types of view in producing of the snaps. Moreover, he makes us understand the role of specialization in the labor industry (Rascaroli, Young Monahan, 2014, p. 6). During his course of producing photographs, he was able to specialize la ter on human and animal movement styles. One sees that he was able to come up with a shoot, which clearly shows that man, and animals move in a given base. Additionally the manner of movement is unusually uniform on how they raise their legs from the surface. He always showed on the importance of education in any economic sector. This artist continued with learning and at the same time lecturing in the university. His soul aim was to perfect and know more on the photographic works. Most of his students and the colleagues admired his spirit of doing things. Most of the articles were written in remembrance of his determination to succeed even in times of trials. He was also fascinated in the accomplishment of the tasks in which one anticipated to do without being stopped by the circumstances. One sees that, he returned into photography work even after the trials he was facing as a result of killing of his wifes lover. He never gave up given the fact that the case is one of the mostly deadly and time-consuming. The context Through the analysis of the works of this man, one realizes that there were a lot of themes which evolved. Muybridge work was founded on the social consideration, cultural and the technical perspective. According to the social aspect, one get glue that this man was very outstanding (Cubitt, 2014). He travelled far in the process of doing photography work. He was often considering the information given to him by other people in the field of photography. These greatly build this man into the best one ever imagined off. Moreover, the position of being a student and a lecturer at the same a writer means that he had a great perception of connecting with people. His travelling needed a sociable and outgoing person (Stremba Bisson, 2009). This is because of travelling far and wide in the line of duty. According to cultural perspective, Muybridge failed this terribly. This is because he engaged too much on the unethical site of view while producing of the photographs. He was perplexed on th e nudity of both male and female from any angle. This is against the codes of ethics in the society (Philagrafika Organization, Moore College of Art and Design Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, 2011, p. 11). The murdering of the wifes lover presented him as a much uncultured man since killing is against the culture of the human race. Moreover, staying far away from his motherland means that it was too much into other cultures of the world than that of where he was routed. Additionally, this man loved city life very much. He travelled to several cities just to perform photographical work of those cities. Some of the examples of these cities are those of San Francisco in which he took between the year 1867 and 1881. After marrying, he did not have time for his wife causing her to commit adultery. His irresponsibility is to be blamed for this mess in the downfall for their marriage. The failure to attend the burial of his wife was also down fall for this great photographer (Leet Hill, 2011, p. 5). The all world is especially on the family law requires that the family especially the husband to be present in such event when the wife dies. Through living his son in the hands of the society th at is orphanage was very wrong and is criticized seriously by the cultural. It is required that the remaining parent ought to take care of the children after the other dies prematurely. According to technical perceptive, the photos of this photographer were into the point, as shown below: He ensured that they were instant on shutter. Through his technical brain in the field of arts, Muybridge was found to produce best photographs from different angles. The best which left the whole world in marvel was the jumping of the horse at a given length. Through the practice termed as galloping horse. In this series which he performed between the year 1872-1873, one finds that throughout this period he was intending to analyze a give characteristic of this animal jumping. His photographs deduced that people and animals actually move and permanently alter the perception of time and speed (as shown below): This was clearly illustrated through the subsequent demonstration he performed in Pennsylvania University in the year 1984 and 1987. This man is also termed the father of Zoo gyroscope. This is the situation in which shutter display of photos in a succession series (Morris, 2009, p. 7). This man advanced this technology in the year 1879. This gave him the name stop-action series photographer. A description he obtained from his fanatics in the photographing industry. Most of photographs gave the images of the reflection of the streets. For instance, the pictures he took between the year 1875-1876 shows Panama and Guatemala in very beautiful and captivating position admired by many up to date (as depicted below). Personal views about photographer Despite of the great memories in which he left in this world, I strongly view him an s a very reckless man due to the kind of concentration he gave and showed the public. Some of his work though admired by many depicts totally how immoral he was. The act of taking photos shows the body parts of male and the females is very much against the human codes of ethics. The society strongly disagrees with this. However, the great regency he left behind in the photographic industry should be emulated by the current generation and if possible they improved it and take into the other level (College Art Association of America, 2011, p. 5) Comparison of Muybridge works to those of other photographs in the 21st century Both the photos were taken by using of the shutter part of the camera. They were clear in nature and most were taken with and intention of passing out certain information. Besides, some were absolutely used for pleasuring of the eyes of the photographer (Leet Hill, 2011, p. 11). Differences The ancient photos used plate of chemically treated metal or the glass in showing of the production of the images of sites in the world. This was very difficult process though determined persons likes of Muybridge made it through and even advanced by inventing of the automatic shutters display (Adam, 2014). The 21st century photos solely depend in its production through the use of the computers and the laptops. This is very simple. It came in due to the advanced technology we are experiencing in this century. Reference List College Art Association of America. (2011). CAA 100 College Art Association : February 9-12, 2011, New York, New York. [S.l.], Conference Medi Cubitt, S. (2014). The practice of light: a genealogy of visual technologies from prints to pixels. Evans, B., Glass, A. (2014). Return to the land of the head hunters: Edward S. Curtis, the Kwaka'wakw, and the making of modern cinema. Frawley, O. (2012). Memory Ireland. Volume 2, Volume 2. Syracuse, N.Y., Syracuse University Press. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=3410098. Jarvis, C., Jarvis, C. (2012). Pocket companion for physical examination health assessment. St. Louis, Mo, Elsevier/Saunders. Leet, S.-K., Hill, A. (2011). Reading photography: a sourcebook of critical texts, 1921-2000. Farnham, Lund Humphries. Morris, R. C. (2009). Photographies East: the camera and its histories in East and Southeast Asia. Durham [NC], Duke University Press. Muybridge, E., Adam, H.-C., Herbert, S., Muybridge, E., Muybridge, E. (2010). Eadweard Muybridge, the human and animal locomotion photographs. KoÃÅ'ˆln, Taschen Philagrafika Organization, Moore College of Art and Design Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. (2011). The graphic unconscious. Philadelphia, PA, ADAM, H.-C. (2014). Eadweard Muybridge: the human and animal locomotion photographs. Rascaroli, L., Young, G., Monahan, B. (2014). Amateur filmmaking: the home movie, the archive, the web. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=1630363. Ruddy, S. (2012). This fact which is not one differential poetics in transatlantic American modernism. Thesis (Ph.D.) -- Wayne State University, 2012. Stremba, B., Bisson, C. A. (2009). Teaching adventure education theory: best practices. Champaign, Ill, Human Kinetics.

THE ODYSSEY Essays (551 words) - Greek Mythology, Mythology

THE ODYSSEY Ten years after the war of Troy Odysseus, is being kept in the island Ogygia against his own will by the nymph Calypso. Meanwhile in Ithaca, everyone think he's dead. Odysseus wife Penelope is being persuaded by unwanted. Telemachos son of Odysseus wants to fight the suitors, but he can't. The god Athena decides to help Telemachos on his quest to find his father. She takes him to Sandy Pylos and Lacedaimon to the kings Nestor and Menelaos. They inform him that he's still alive but being kept in Calypsos Island. Zeus sends Hermes to rescue Odysseus, in which he succeeds by convincing her to let him build a ship and leave. While he travels in his ship is destroyed by Poseidon. He's rescued by a woman called Nausicaa, and takes him to her father's palace. During the party to his honor he reveals his identity and he tells his adventures. Odysseus recounts how he and his crew went to the region of the cyclops. Where they were captured by Polymephos son of Poseidon. Odysseus tricked the giant and escaped. Then the god Aeolus gave them a bag of winds to travel. The men thinking it was riches opened it unleashing hurricanes which lead them to the island of Circe. They stayed with Circe for a year. After this they left to the underworld to get advice. They sailed for a series of adventures. First they passed by Sirens, Odysseus outsmarted them by plugging his ears. Next they met Scylla and Charybdis which almost ate them all. Afterwards they landed on the island of Helios the sun god, where Odysseus told them not to eat the cattle, they disobeyed and all of the crew except Odysseus died. Lastly he was kept in Ogygia for seven years. All of the Phaeacians filled a ship with treasures and sent him to his home town. Unfortunately Poseidon turned the ship in stone for revenge. Once he arrives at Ithaca Athena disguises him as a beggar, he recruits the swineherd, reveals himself to his son then he heads to his palace still disguised. Penelope says that she will marry the person who can shoot a bow of Odysseus through seven axes. No one could shoot the bow, until the beggar gets the bow and shoots it through the axes. Odysseus drops his disguise and with the help his son, and Athena's protection he kills the suitors. He reunites with his wife, but he kills a young nobleman during battle, and his parents are furious. Next morning he leaves the palace to his father Laertes, while the noblemen's parents look for vengeance. Athena appears and made peace with both families, and ended the strife forever. I loved this book because of all the challenges and adventures Odysseus tells. Personally I'm fascinated by Greek mythology. What I most learned of this book is how humans don't what to do after war. This book was set in peace time, but Odysseus didn't knew what to do after all his battle at Troy. He kills every suitor in his house, and every serving maid. This is a problem because it's not war like the Iliad and if it weren't for Athena's intervention with the nobleman's parents this cycle of battle would've continued until everyone would be dead.

Battle of Cedar Mountain - Civil War - Northern Virginia Campaign

Battle of Cedar Mountain - Civil War - Northern Virginia Campaign Battle of Cedar Mountain - Conflict Date: The Battle of Cedar Mountain was fought August 9, 1862, during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Armies Commanders Union Major General Nathaniel Banks8,030 men ​Confederates Major General Thomas Stonewall Jackson16,868 men Battle of Cedar Mountain - Background: In late June 1862, Major General John Pope was appointed to command the newly formed Army of Virginia. Consisting of three corps, this formation was tasked with driving into central Virginia and relieving pressure on Major General George B. McClellans beleaguered Army of the Potomac which was engaged with Confederate forces on the Peninsula. Deploying in an arc, Pope placed Major General Franz Sigels I Corps along the Blue Ridge Mountains at Sperryville, while Major General Nathaniel Banks II Corps occupied Little Washington. An advance force from Banks command, led by Brigadier General Samuel W. Crawford, was posted to the soth at Culpeper Court House. In the east, Major General Irvin McDowells III Corps held Falmouth. With the defeat of McClellan and the Union withdrawal to the James River after the Battle of Malvern Hill, Confederate General Robert E. Lee turned his attention to Pope. On July 13, he dispatched Major General Thomas Stonewall Jackson north with 14,000 men. This was followed by an additional 10,000 men led by Major General A.P. Hill two weeks later. Taking the initiative, Pope began driving south towards the key rail junction of Gordonsville on August 6. Assessing the Union movements, Jackson elected to advance with the goal of crushing Banks and then defeating Sigel and McDowell in turn. Pushing towards Culpeper on August 7, Jacksons cavalry swept aside their Union counterparts. Alerted to Jacksons actions, Pope ordered Sigel to reinforce Banks at Culpeper. Battle of Cedar Mountain - Opposing Positions: While waiting for Sigels arrival, Banks received orders to maintain a defensive position on the high ground above Cedar Run, approximately seven miles south of Culpeper. Favorable ground, Banks deployed his men with Brigadier General Christopher Augers division on the left. This was composed of Brigadier Generals Henry Prince and John W. Gearys brigades which were placed on the left and right respectively. While Gearys right flank was anchored on the Culpeper-Orange Turnpike, Brigadier General George S. Greenes under-strength brigade was held in reserve. Crawford formed to the north across the turnpike, while Brigadier General George H. Gordons brigade arrived to anchor the Union right. Pushing across the Rapidan River on the morning of August 9, Jackson advanced with three divisions led by Major General Richard Ewell, Brigadier General Charles S. Winder, and Hill. Around noon, Ewells lead brigade, led by Brigadier General Jubal Early, encountered the Union line. As the remainder of Ewells men arrived, they extended the Confederate line south towards Cedar Mountain. As Winders division came up, his brigades, led by Brigadier General William Taliaferro and Colonel Thomas Garnett, deployed on Earlys left. While Winders artillery rolled into position between the two brigades, Colonel Charles Ronalds Stonewall Brigade was held back as a reserve. The last to arrive, Hills men were also retained as a reserve behind the Confederate left (Map). Battle of Cedar Mountain - Banks on the Attack: As the Confederates deployed, an artillery duel ensued between Banks and Earlys guns. As the firing began taper around 5:00 PM, Winder was mortally wounded by a shell fragment and command of his division passed to Taliaferro. This proved problematic as he was ill-informed as to Jacksons plans for the impending battle and was still in the process forming his men. In addition, Garnetts brigade was separated from the main Confederate line and Ronalds troops had yet to come up in support. As Taliaferro struggled to take control, Banks began an assault on the Confederate lines. Badly beaten by Jackson in the Shenandoah Valley earlier in the year, he was eager to obtain retribution despite being outnumbered. Surging forward, Geary and Prince slammed into the Confederate right prompting Early to return from Cedar Mountain to take personal command of the situation. To the north, Crawford attacked Winders disorganized division. Striking Garnetts brigade in the front and flank, his men shattered the 1st Virginia before rolling up 42nd Virginia. Advancing into the Confederate rear, the increasingly disorganized Union forces were able to push back the lead elements of Ronalds brigade. Arriving on the scene, Jackson attempted to rally his former command by drawing his sword. Finding that it had rusted in the scabbard from lack of use, he instead waved both. Battle of Cedar Mountain - Jackson Strikes Back: Successful in his efforts, Jackson sent the Stonewall Brigade forward. Counterattacking, they were able to drive back Crawfords men. Pursuing the retreating Union soldiers, the Stonewall Brigade became overextended and was forced to retreat as Crawfords men regained some cohesion. Despite this, their efforts permitted Jackson to restore order to the entire Confederate line and bought time for Hills men to arrive. With his full force on hand, Jackson ordered his troops to advance. Pushing forward, Hills division was able to overwhelm Crawford and Gordon. While Augers division mounted a tenacious defense, they were forced to retreat following Crawfords withdrawal and an attack on their left by Brigadier General Isaac Trimbles brigade. Battle of Cedar Mountain - Aftermath: Though Banks attempted to use Greenes men to stabilize his line, the effort failed. In a last gasp attempt to rescue the situation, he directed part of his cavalry to charge the advancing Confederates. This attack was repulsed with heavy losses. With darkness falling, Jackson elected not to conduct a long pursuit of Banks retreating men. The fighting at Cedar Mountain saw Union forces sustain 314 killed, 1,445 wounded, and 594 missing, while Jackson lost 231 killed and 1,107 wounded. Believing that Pope would attack him in force, Jackson remained near Cedar Mountain for two days. Finally learning that the Union general had concentrated at Culpeper, he elected to withdraw back to Gordonsville. Concerned about Jacksons presence, Union general-in-chief Major General Henry Halleck directed Pope to assume a defensive posture in northern Virginia. As a result, Lee was able to take the initiative after containing McClellan. Coming north with the remainder of his army, he inflicted decisive defeat on Pope later that month at the Second Battle of Manassas. Selected Sources Civil War Trust: Battle of Cedar MountainFriends of Cedar Mountain CWSAC Battle Summaries: Battle of Cedar Mountain

Understanding the Bible Belt in the United States

Understanding the Bible Belt in the United States When American geographers map rates of religious belief and regular attendance at places of worship, a distinct region of religiosity appears on the map of the United States. This region is known as the Bible Belt, and while it can be measured in a variety of ways, it tends to include much of the American South.   First Use of Bible Belt The term Bible Belt was first used by the American writer and satirist H.L. Mencken  in 1925 when he was reporting on the Scopes Monkey Trial which took place in Dayton, Tennessee. Mencken was writing for the Baltimore Sun  and used the term in a derogatory way, referring to the region in subsequent pieces with such quotes as the Bible and Hookworm Belt and Jackson, Mississippi in the heart of the Bible and Lynching Belt.   Defining The Bible Belt The term gained popularity and began to be used to name the region of the southern U.S. states in the popular media and in academia. In 1948, the Saturday Evening Post  named Oklahoma City the capital of the Bible Belt. In 1961, geographer Wilbur Zelinsky, a student of Carl Sauer, defined the region of the Bible Belt as one in which Southern Baptists, Methodists, and evangelical Christians were the predominant religious group. Thus, Zelinsky defined the Bible Belt as a region stretching from West Virginia and southern Virginia to southern Missouri in the north to Texas and northern Florida in the south. The region that Zelinsky outlined did not include Southern Louisiana due to its preponderance of Catholics, nor central and southern Florida due to its diverse demographics, nor South Texas with its large Hispanic (and thus Catholic or Protestant) population.   History of the Bible Belt The region known as the Bible Belt today was in the 17th and 18th centuries a center of Anglican (or Episcopalian) beliefs. In the late 18th century and into the 19th century, Baptist denominations, especially Southern Baptist, began to gain in popularity. By the 20th century, evangelical Protestantism could be the defining belief system in the region known as the Bible Belt.   In 1978, geographer Stephen Tweedie of Oklahoma State University published the definitive article about the Bible Belt, Viewing the Bible Belt, in the  Journal of Popular Culture.  In that article, Tweedie mapped Sunday television watching habits for five leading evangelical religious television programs. His map of the Bible Belt expanded the region defined by Zelinsky and included a region that encompassed the Dakotas, Nebraska, and Kansas. But his research also broke the Bible Belt into two core regions, a western region and an eastern region. Tweedies western Bible Belt was focused on a core that extended from Little Rock, Arkansas to Tulsa, Oklahoma. His eastern Bible Belt was focused on a core that included the major population centers of Virginia and North Carolina. Tweedie identified secondary core regions surrounding Dallas and Wichita Falls, Kansas to Lawton, Oklahoma.   Tweedie suggested that Oklahoma City was the buckle or capital of the Bible Belt but many other commentators and researchers have suggested other locations. It was H.L. Mencken who first suggested that Jackson, Mississippi was the capital of the Bible Belt. Other suggested capitals or buckles (in addition to the cores identified by Tweedie) include Abilene, Texas; Lynchburg, Virginia; Nashville, Tennessee; Memphis, Tennessee; Springfield, Missouri; and Charlotte, North Carolina.   The Bible Belt Today Studies of religious identity in the United States continually point to the southern states as an enduring Bible Belt. In a 2011 survey by Gallup, the organization found Mississippi to be the state containing the highest percentage of very religious Americans. In Mississippi, 59 percent of residents were identified as being very religious. With the exception of number two Utah, all of the states in the top ten are states commonly identified as being part of the Bible Belt. (The top 10 were: Mississippi, Utah, Alabama, Louisiana, Arkansas, South Carolina, Tennessee, North Carolina, Georgia, and Oklahoma.)   The Un-Bible Belts On the other hand, Gallup and others have pointed out that the opposite of the Bible Belt, perhaps an Unchurched Belt or a Secular Belt, exists in the Pacific Northwest and the northeastern United States. Gallups survey found that a mere 23 percent of Vermont residents are considered to be very religious. The 11 states (due to the tie for tenth place) that are home for the least religious Americans are Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine, Massachusetts, Alaska, Oregon, Nevada, Washington, Connecticut, New York, and Rhode Island.   Politics and Society in the Bible Belt Many commentators have pointed out that while religious observance in the Bible Belt is high, it is a region of a variety of social issues. Educational attainment and college graduation rates in the Bible Belt are among the lowest in the United States. Cardiovascular and heart disease, obesity, homicide, teenage pregnancy, and sexually transmitted infections are among the highest rates in the nation.   At the same time, the region is known for its conservative values, and the region is often considered to be a politically conservative region. The red states within the Bible Belt traditionally support Republican candidates for state and federal office. Alabama, Mississippi, Kansas, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Texas have consistently pledged their electoral college votes to the Republican candidate for president in each presidential election since 1980. Other Bible Belt states usually vote Republican, but candidates such as Bill Clinton from Arkansas have sometimes swayed the votes in Bible Belt states.   In 2010,  Matthew Zook and Mark Graham utilized online place name data to identify the preponderance of the word church locally. What resulted is a map that is a good approximation of the Bible Belt as defined by Tweedie and extending into the Dakotas. Other Belts in America Other Bible Belt-style regions have been named in the United States. The Rust Belt of the former industrial heartland of America is one such region. Other belts include the Corn Belt, Snow Belt, and Sunbelt.

Operations Management - Discussion Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Operations Management - Discussion Paper - Essay Example The question of survival of the fittest has made the business organizations to increasingly take resort to the above strategy (Lawler and Worley, 2006, p.154-155). The paper endeavors to further divulge on the issue of gaining a new workforce at the cost of the existing people in a much detailed fashion. Maintenance of Stable Workforce within Organizations in Respect of Changing Markets The fact of changing market conditions impose challenges over the business organizations in regards to maintaining a stable workforce. It is found that to overcome the stress of external changes in the technological and competitive business sphere business organizations have shifted their endeavor to work for the development of the existing people to recruiting readymade skillful and productive workers from outside. Though it is held that retiring workers increases the turnover cost of the concerns yet it helps the concerns to strategize the development process of staffs to meet market demands. In ord er to compete with the technological and business development of its competitors the business concerns need to take in effective manpower that can be trained quite faster to help the organization counter market challenges. The policy of taking in new recruits and retiring the existing people in regards to market changes and opportunities is referred to as ‘travel light’ and was employed by Kodak when film technology shifted from chemical to digital. Chemical engineers were replaced by digital photography engineers (Lawler and Worley, 2006, p.154-156). Workforce Stability in Organizations based on Financial Position of the Concern It is observed that taking resort to the above discussed ‘travel light’ human resources policy endangers the business organization in regards to increasing the cost of human resources of the concern. The organization needs to both render immediate financial benefits to the retiring employees and also to invest quite enough to recru it and train the new workforce. Further the new workers need to be properly streamlined into the business process which requires enough time leading loss of productivity and thereby rise in business costs. Administrative costs also get highly tuned to such both in relation to rendering advertisements for recruiting and also in terms of generation of insurance, uniform and other costs for the new individuals. Again the new employees on failing to use the machineries in the right manner lead to increase in the cost of erosion of such. The time required for the new employees to be trained properly requires existing employees to perform the overtime work for which they are required to be rightly paid. This increases the cost of operations for the firm (Indicator Protocols Set: EC, 2006, p.7). Organizational Productivity in terms of Skills and Competition and Workforce Stability Organizations round the world in order to better compete with their competitors are found to take resort of ne wer and productive workforce based on new skill sets. However such practice of the business conc

Is global warming due to human actions Can the human race take action Research Paper - 5

Is global warming due to human actions Can the human race take action to stop global warming - Research Paper Example These green house gases include carbon dioxide and ozone, which are in alarming concentration in the air (Weart, 2008). Another category of activities by human beings, which have significant contributions to global warming, is the clearance of fertile land for agricultural practices. Evidently, such uses of the land increase the levels of carbon dioxide emissions. For example, there is evidence that the decay of vegetation or its combustion for whatever reason emits carbon dioxide. Such emissions of carbon dioxide lead to the abnormal increase in temperatures all over the globe (Maslin, 2006). It is notable to note that there are numerous possibilities for the human race to stop global warming. For instance, they can ensure that they find different methods of producing power. The substitute methods of power creation must not produce carbon dioxide. Additionally, individuals need to ensure that they engage in minimal agricultural actions to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide. Consequently, they should also establish alternative methods of feeding to reduce the prevalent overdependence on agriculture (Houghton, 2006). Everyone needs to prevent global warming in all ways that he/she can. This is because no deliberate efforts evident in stopping the disaster temperatures would continue to rise and in turn affect the entire livelihood of

Fitzgerald and Gatsby Essay Example for Free

Fitzgerald and Gatsby Essay Francis Scott key Fitzgerald was a popular american storyteller. Born September 24th, 1896 and died in December 21st, 1940, Fitzgerald lived the prime of his life in the Roaring-Twenties. The values and morals were declining in favor of materialistic and careless attitudes following the world war. Social prestige no longer came to how hardworking and knowledgeable you were but how much property and goods you had. People began to think that instead of earning a place in society you could purchase it. This corrupted the characters in the novel The Great Gatsby and twisted the American dream. In the novel by Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby he connects many of the characters to real people that he has delt with in his life. Fitzgerald’s character Gatsby is a mirror of himself. In many ways Fitzgerald betters himself through Gatsby and his characteristics but still follows a close backbone to Fitzgerald himself and events in his life. James Gats was born into a poor, disadvantaged farm family and came from nothing. Fitzgerald was born into a deprived family and had to create himself on his own. Neither came from old money or was born into the elite class but rather had to work for all of their money. Fitzgerald loved to party and drink but with that came many things he did wrong when he was drunk. Gatsby threw many parties but never drank so he wouldnt miss a beat. It says how Gatsby learned from Dan Cody, that when he was drunk women took advantage of him and he made ignorant mistakes. Fitzgerald was taken advantage by his wife and spent money very foolishly when he was drunk. Gatsby was created without Fitzgeralds alcoholism. Fitzgerald was also enrolled in the army and became a military officer but never went to war. Gatsby returned home as a war hero with medals of honor. Gatsby never had money problems it seemed as he never really worked but the money just kept coming in. Fitzgerald was always fighting to keep making money and worked for hours on end to make ends meet so he could support his lavish, careless, and drunken lifestyle. Fitzgerald was a major party addict. He loved the fast life. He was an excessive partier but his home life suffered and was extremely unhappy. Gatsby Through many big parties almost every weekend but he was lacking the only thing money couldnt buy him, love. Both Fitzgerald and Gatsby fell in ove at a young age with a woman out of their league. Fitzgerald with Ginevra and Gatsby with Daisy. Both Daisy and Ginevra came from a background of old money. They lived luxurious lifestyles. These women were beautiful,rich and characterized everything these men believed were perfect. They were blinded by materialistic things rather than inner beauty. At the time these men were still unsuccessful and couldnt support these high maintenance women. Their love lives are very similar. Both Daisy and Ginevra did love them but could not marry them because â€Å"Rich girls do not marry poor boys†. The women moved on but the men still loved them and were even more determined to become successful and win their lovers back. In the end both men were successful and earned a lot of money to move into the elite class. They so called conquered the American Dream But they were still unhappy. They didnt have the loving family unit or white picket fence house instead they had excessive amours of money, designer clothing, expensive cars, big unfriendly mansions and a cold separated family. But both Daisy and Ginevra got married already to rich men who could support their lifestyles. They were both unhappy with their marriage. Fitzgerald meets up with Ginevra again and has a second and last chance to impress her and win over her love now that he was successful. They meet at a bar and he drinks and is out of control. He is rude and is not the way Ginevra remember the Fitzgerald she fell in love with and loses his chance. Gatsby gets a second chance with Daisy too. When he firsts meets her she seems different to him, Older and less bubbly but he still loves her. But he goes out to lunch with her and her husband and takes things too far trying to win her back and loses his final chance. Through time things have changed about each character but in their minds they were static. They were both imagining different visuals and personalities from their youths. Everyone in life gets older and matures. It did not work out in the end for both men. The American dream was twisted and all of the riches they earned were wasted because money cannot buy true love. It just was not ment to be. Even though money is up there with oxygen it isnt everything. These men where searching for love and happiness and money was not going to buy it. The novel parallels to Fitzgeralds life immensely. Its captures and llustrates many of the issues Fitzgerald suffered. He had constant implications with women in his life therefore he portrays them as shallow, ignorant, and disloyal in the novel. Fitzgerald used many of his emotions to influence his novel and that is why it mirrors his life so closely, as well as many of the other pieces of writing he has created. He is a gifted writer and lived a rollacoster lifestyle up until he died of a heart attack. If only he realized sooner how to prioritize his life he could lived much happier. It is unfortunate what he had to go through. But there is no reward for living life as a drunken partier.

Gifted Children †Blessing or Curse? Essay -- Exploratory Essays Resea

Largely ignored by the social sciences, the study of gifted students is of utmost importance. Though there are varying degrees of giftedness, it is widely recognized that those with intelligence quotients of over 130 are "gifted", as these IQ’s place them in the top five percent of the population. Gifted children have an insatiable desire to learn, to explore. They learn with very little help from adults. They are also marked by their persistence, energy, and obsessive interests. Most of them can read by age four, some even earlier, for gifted children are endowed with prodigious memories for verbal and mathematical information. They not only excel at logical and abstract reasoning; they are also interested in philosophical issues. Blessed with some many positive qualities, gifted children are often overlooked even when they’re plagued by problems. As gifted children represent only a small percentage of the student population, the public neglects many of their needs. Faced with pressures from their families, schools, peers, and themselves, gifted students become socially challenged. Thus, it is necessary for society to learn more about the stresses endured by gifted students, so that someday many of these problems can be eliminated. The independent variables include pressures from family, school, and peers. The dependent variables are the socially challenged gifted children. The intervening variables include family support, the economic status of the family, the skills of the teachers, the student’s learning style, the age of the gifted children and their peers, and the motivational level of the gifted student. Primary research was conducted through two interviews and 50 surveys. A teacher of gifted student was interviewe... ...y Relationships and the Gifted.Washington, DC. Available http://www.nagc.org/CounGuide/family.html 1998 Orange, Carolyn. "Gifted students and perfectionism." Roeper Review 20, 1 (Sept-Oct 1997) Silverman, Linda Krega."How Parents Can Support Gifted Children." ERIC Digests 16 Apr 2000 Silverman, Linda Krega. "Through the lens of giftedness" Roeper Review 20, 3 (Feb 1998) Tolan, Stephanie S. "The Lemming Condition" Roeper Review 20, 3 (Feb 1998) Webb, James T. "Nurturing Social Emtional Development of Gifted Children" ERIC Clearinghouse on Disabilities and Gifted Education Reston, VA. Available http://www.ed.gov/databases/ERIC_Disgests/ed372554.html June 1994 Weber, Patricia. "Mental Models and the Identification of Young Gifted Students: A Tale of Two Boys" Roeper Review 32, 3 (Feb 1999) Winner, Ellen. Gifted Children New York: Basic Books, 1996.

Music of Mexico and Central America Essay

Musical expressions in Central America and Mexico are very diverse. Types of music in this geographic region have similarities with other types of Latin American music but have their distinctive differences. For instance, the marimba of Guatemala cannot be compared to a charcarera melody from Argentine. Also, it is quite easy to mariachi for merengue and vice versa if one doesn’t know the subtle differences between the two genres. The wide variety of instruments, the varied aspects of texts, poetic structures, languages, and dance rhythms in the music of Central America and Mexico prove the richness of these regions’ culture (Campbell et al.  9). Music tends to reflect the cultural values, behaviors, and surroundings of a given geographic region and its people. For this reason, musical traditions in Central America and Mexico have grown very diverse through centuries. Descendants of Native Americans, Africans, and Europeans who settled in Central America, Mexico, and the entire Latin America retained many features of their musical roots and creative various blends of Latin American music. Latin American songs touch on various themes. Mexico, and countries in Central America such as Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua have many love songs that are passionately sung by people, often with lyrics expressing loneliness, longing, and unconditional love. Aside from love songs, music in the Latin American region also have themes of current events and history, such as the nueva cancion of Chile and corridor of Mexico. Some songs also try to establish a connection between the singer and the supernatural, such as the songs that Chilean female shaman singers sing or the dances and chants that believers of Afro-Brazilian bahia perform. These types of songs are quite different from other musical traditions in the rest of the world but they are quite typical in Latin America. In addition, Mexico and Central American countries also have a huge collection of children’s songs, tribute songs, and songs of the seasons. Instruments used in the music of Central America and Mexico usually involve the guitar. The instrument is quite prominent in most Latin American cultures, especially those influenced by Hispanic traditions. Artists from Mexico and other Latin American countries like Brazil, and Venezuela usually make use of the maracas, clave, and guiro to produce the effect they want. Drums are also very important in the music of the region and various types of drums are used for different genres. Melodies are usually composed of notes in the minor key and rhythms which are crosses of threes and twos. Native Americans are known to produce pentatonic melodies while people of African descent frequently employ syncopation in their musical styles. Perhaps the best known feature of Mexican and Central American music is its ability to make people dance. It’s easy to dance to Latin American music, whether alone or in synch with partners (Campbell et al. 9). Over the years, radio, film, and television have popularized Mexican music to higher levels. Listeners worldwide are able to recognize Mexican music although they sometimes confuse it with other types of music from the Latin American region. The icon of Mexican music is the mariachi – a Mexican musician wearing a charo costume (Hutchinson 1192). Mariachis are known all over the world to transmit the meaning of being a Mexican. This musical group can sing anything, from ballads to songs about the revolution, from songs describing bar scenes to odes to regions and towns. Mariachis are also popular for their uniforms called charros. A charro consists of a bolero-type jacket, tight pants with a belt of intricately woven design, and a wide-brimmed hat filled with ribbons, chains, and silver buttons. This unique Mariachi costume is very similar to the simpler costumes that cowboys wear. Aside from the costume, Mariachis and cowboys also have origins in the same place, which is in Jalisco and other neighboring states (Kermecker 49). A mariachi band usually consists of three or four guitarists. Bands would usually play together for townspeople at gazebos or â€Å"quioscos† in the Main Square or â€Å"zocalo. † Today in Mexico, up to eighteen mariachi musicians can organize in a main square and play any song that the townspeople want to hear. Aside from the guitar, mariachis use instruments such as vihuelas (smaller guitars with five strings), guitarrones (six-string vihuelas with big bellies), violins, harps, and trumpets for the energetic accents of Mexican songs. The term â€Å"mariachi† could have originated from the French word â€Å"mariage,† which would make sense since mariachis usually play at weddings. However, experts today insist that mariachis have existed long before the French came to Mexico. The name might have originated from the Mexican word â€Å"mariachi† which refers to a small platform for musicians and dancing couples. Mariachis can be found all over Mexico, but especially in places such as Garribaldi in Mexico City and in Guadalajara, in the Plaza de Los Mariachis located at the intersection of Independencia Sur and Mina. Visitors at these places can pay mariachis to play them any Mexican song they want (Kernecker 49). Mariachis can employ other Latin American musical instruments to play their songs. They can use the the marimba, a hugely popular musical instrument in Central and South America. Marimbas are xylophones that consist of several wooden plates of different sizes and thickness. Modern versions of the instrument have hardwood bars of uniform thickness and tubular metal resonators that encompass six to seven octaves. Two to five players would play these xylophones with warm, mellow tones (Apel 505). Central America is a geographic region that is located in the southernmost part of the North American continent connecting South America to the southeast. A large part of Central America rests above the Caribbean Plate, making the region geologically active and the site of relatively frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Cities in Central American countries have been destroyed by earthquakes before, such as Managua, capital of Nicaragua and El Salvador. However, the volcanic lava from eruptions has made the region agriculturally fertile, enabling it to sustain huge populations of people. While modern Latin American music is recognizable throughout Central America, indigenous music in the region have received the least exposure among other types of music in the Western Hemisphere. For instance, Garifuna music from the Garifuna people of Belize, Nicaragua, Honduras, and Guatemala has quite a limited audience. Instruments used in this type of music include tree â€Å"garaon† or drums: the primera which improvises the segunda which produces counter rhythms, and the tercera which takes care of bass lines. Two wires are stretched over the tops of the drums to generate the buzzing sound that is typical of West African music. Other instruments used in Garifuna music are guitars, claves, shakers, scrapers, and bottle percussions (Nidel 291). In terms of modern music, one popular genre is Punta rock which is a dance music similar to Trinidadian Soca. The standard ensemble to play Punta rock includes instruments such as synthesizers, brass, electric bass, and keyboards. The song â€Å"La Punta† of the Punta rock genre became popular in Honduras during the 1980s (Nidel 291). People in Central America absolutely love listening to the marimba. In Guatemala, the xylophone used is considered the national instrument. Marimbas of all sizes and styles are made in the country. Some models are designed to be played by a single player while others are so big that seven people are needed to play them. Musical genres like the meringue and other dance compositions usually rely on the xylophone to produce the bass rhythms (Apel 505). During the later parts of the 20th century, marimba in Mexico became popular in the southernmost state of Chiapas. The instrument is also played in neighboring states of Tabasco, Oaxaca, Veracruz, and in the nation’s capital. Mariachis and other musical groups playing marimba are scattered all throughout the country but they are especially concentrated in Mexico City and Chiapas. In terms of performance, multiple players playing marimbas are more common in Mexico than single players. In Mexico today, marimba music is mostly a regional phenomenon. It is associated with the southern part of the country and is often placed in the same category as popular music genres like jarocho from Veracruz, mariachi from Jalisco, and norteno from northern Mexico (Beck 9). In the state of Veracruz, street musicians called â€Å"ambulantes† typically play marimba for people. These musicians would perform and compete with each other for twenty-four hours a day in the streets and in buildings. The type of marimba in this seaport city is known for its sharp-edged and heavily syncopated style. The unique characteristics of marimba in Veracruz indicate its Afro-Cuban influences (Beck 224). Mexican music is primarily of Hispanic flavor because of the imposition of European musical culture on the natives by Spanish conquistadors. In Mexico today, nobody knows what real pre-Columbian music sounds like. Even the type of music that natives play in Indian communities is noticeably influenced by the Spanish. African slaves though tempered this music by adding their own style to it. Mexicans are proud of these traditional musical genres, although many of them now listen to Western rock and pop (Hutchinson 1192). There are many popular genres of Mexican music that are meant for singing instead of dancing. One is the corrido, a narrative form of music that’s derived from old Spanish ballads. The genre spread throughout the country as armies of the revolution roamed across the land. Corrido has since become a popular mode of expression for regular citizens and artists. Another genre is called cancion which means â€Å"song,† literally. Cancion highlights the romantic and sentimental aspects of Mexicans, and is therefore naturally languid and slow. An example of cancion is â€Å"Las Mananitas,† which is usually sung to serenade people on their birthdays. Finally, there’s the ranchera genre which is a mix of Mexican country and Western styles. The genre was originally associated with the cattle men from the Bajio region. Ranchera featured prominently in many Mexican films from the 1930s to the 1940s and consequently became known all over Latin America as the typical music of Mexico (Hutchinson 1192). The Mexican Film and recording industry are powerful forces throughout the entire Latin American region. They helped several Mexican artists to become household names, drawing fans and profit to the industry. Some of the most popular Mexican artists include Pendro Infante, Pedro Vargas, Miguel Aceves Mejia, Jorge Negrete, and the Trio Los Panchos. Songwriters and composers can also gain popularity in Mexico, such as Agustin Lara who is a prolific composer of romantic â€Å"boleros,† which are Latin dance types of music However, despite the popularity of these artists, mariachis are still the most popular musical groups in the country (Hutchinson 1192). Musica tejana, Texas-Mexican music or simply Tex-Mex has attained a huge following all over Mexico, Central America, and the whole Latin American region today. The genre contains influences from various musical styles, such as bolero, ranchera, and cumbia. It is very flexible and can even draw beats from other genres such as reggae, country, rap, pop, and disco. Musica tejana is also known as â€Å"tejano† music in Mexico, Texas, and other parts of the United States (San Miguel 3). The term â€Å"tejano† may also refer to people of Mexican descent who live in Texas. Musica tejana has been created by Tejanos to reflect the sensibilities of their fellow Tejanos and Mexicans. Tejanos started demanding that traditional Mexican music meet their sensibilities as early as 1920s. Early in the twentieth century, much of musica tejana was formed by accordion sounds. After World War II, Tejano musicians tried to adapt elements of Mexican music to their musical style. Artists incorporated female duet and vocal singing into musica tejana, which was previously instrumental in nature. They also continued to use the bajo sexton and accordion to produce their music. Saxophones, and trumpets later known as â€Å"los pitos† or horn section, were also employed to create musica tejana. During the second half of the century, Tejanos continued to adapt Mexican music by using instruments such as guitars, keyboards, organs, and brass instruments (San Miguel 7). Tejanos have lived alongside Anglos for a long time and conflicts between the two races are discernible in the musica tejana that evolved from this relationship. Corridos expressed the historical conflict between Mexicans and Anglos in South Texas during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. According to experts, old corridos were basically narrative ballads that told the adventures of a hero and were sung to simple tunes. In many ways, singing corridos was a symbolic means to fight the dominant Anglo culture. An example of this type of corridor is â€Å"The Corrido of Gregorio Cortez,† a narrative ballad that tells the story of a hero who single-handedly fought the law of the Anglos and won (San Miguel 8). Traditional Mexican songs like canciones reflected the changes that occurred and the attributes that were retained by Tejanos in the state. Canciones are composed of various types of songs, including: corridos, canciones romanticas, canciones rancheras, and canciones tipcas. The corridor and cancion tipica dominated vocal music by Tejasnos throughout most of the nineteenth century. During the late nineteenth century, the cancion romantica started to emerge and compete with other types of cancion. In the twentieth century however, the cancion ranchera attained a huge following, which made it the dominant type of song among Mexicans in Texas and for those who lived near the border (San Miguel 8). Aside from musica tejana, there are many other musical genres that has gained wide popularity in Central America. One is cumbia, a Colombian style of folk dance music that’s considered to represent Colombian culture, like Vallenato. Cumbia is especially popular in Panama, another country in Central America. The region is mostly inhabited by mestizos who are people of European, African, and indigenous descent. The culture of the Azuero region located in the west of the country has come to dominate Panama. The country’s preference for music such as cumbia is very similar to the musical preferences of its neighboring country, Colombia. The most significant native instrument in Panama is the mejorama, a guitar with five strings, which looks quite similar with the Venezuelan cuatro. The mejorama are often used by musicians in the country to play songs termed â€Å"torrentes. † The most recognized Panamanian musician in the world is Ruben Blades who became a star in the Fania stable of New York musicians. Blades started his career with doo-woop but branched off to different musical styles later (Nidel 291). While it is true that music is the universal language, the music of Mexico and Central America is still very unique in their own social and historical contexts. The mariachi of Mexico reflects the energetic Mexican people and their passionate tendencies. Dances with fast beats illustrate the festivity of Mexican culture while slow and languid songs show the longing of Mexicans for intangible things such as love, honor, and the past. Whether it’s marimba, corridor, cancion or ranchera, Mexican music stands out as among the best and most colorful types of music in the world. Central America also has a rich collection of Latin American music, such as musica tejana, bolero, and cumbia. Each country in this region has a different past that is reflected in their preferred musical styles. As each style crosses and mixes with each other, the music of Central America is bound to get richer in the future. Through modern forms of communication and broadcast such as the Internet, Latin American music in Central America may gather more followers in regions far away from it. The various kinds of Mexican and Central American music all have their own flavors and they must be preserved for generations to come. They contain the spirit of the Latin American culture and must therefore be listened to by new generations of Latinos and other artists and ordinary people outside of the region. Works Cited Apel, Willi. Harvard Dictionary of Music. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1969. Beck, John. Encyclopedia of Percussion. London: Taylor & Francis, 1995. Campbell, Patricia Shehan et al. Songs of Latin America: from the Field to the Classroom. Van Nuys: Alfred Publishing, 2001. Hutchinson, Peter. Central America & Mexico 2004. Bath: Footprint Travel Guides, 2003. Kernecker, Herb. When in Mexico, Do as the Mexicans Do: The Clued-in Guide to Mexican Life, Language, and Culture. Columbus: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2005. Nidel, Richard. World Music: the Basics. New York: Routledge, 2005. San Miguel, Guadalupe. Tejano Proud: Tex-Mex Music in the Twentieth Century. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2002.

Why Canadians Should Leave Afghanistan

since February 2002, approximately 15, 000 Canadian soldiers have served in Afghanistan. 78 Canadian Forces (CF) casualties have occurred, including one diplomat. The role of the Canadian Forces in Afghanistan is often debated. Many disagree with the mission and want the CF to leave Afghanistan now. Doing this however would only be failing the Canadian commitment to the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) and NATO. Canada should keep its commitment and remain in Afghanistan until the mission is complete. Afghanistan is in state that is almost beyond third-world. However, the mission that Canada is currently involved in has improved the country drastically and will continue to do so as long as the mission continues. So why take the chance and leave when Canada could further development and security ? Canada is not just involved in a combat role. We are also deployed to help rebuild the country. If Canada leaves now we would not only break our commitment to NATO, however to the Afghan people who really need the help as well. Three major reasons to why Canadians are still in Afghanistan and should continue to be in Afghanistan are national security, development of infrastructure and systems , and economics. This alone should be the reason why the Canadian forces should continue their duty in Afghanistan. Even though Canadians are spending billions of dollars ensuring the safety and security of a country that is highly regarded as â€Å"hopeless† in a sense where its highly doubted that this country will ever be stable. It is not only there obligation but there duty because of the commitment they made and as one the wealthier countries Canada cannot stand idly by and fail to help one of the poorest countries in the world. There are now 2,500 Canadian Forces personnel participating in the Afghanistan mission most of them being in the most most troubled province of Kandahar. They are there to help the security situation and to help extend the authority in the government. Also the Canadian forces is training both the Afghanistan National Army and Afghani police force and by doing this, citizens could feel more eat ease knowing that their local police force or national army could provide safety and security from the warlord and tali bans. However not only are we providing security for Afghanistan but to the Canada as well. Canada for many years has been one of al-Qaeda’s top hated countries. Canadian citizens think that just because there aren’t as recognized as the states in a bad way that we can be safe from attacks such as 9/11. Really we almost definitely could be next to be attacked. Afghanistan is a home for terrorist organizations and criminals. So, by staying in the country to try and eliminate the insurgency we are really protecting the national security of Canada. The same also applies to the countries surrounding Afghanistan. A secure Afghanistan means a secure Central Asia. Afghanistan is situated between a a pre-nuclear Iran on one side and a post-nuclear Pakistan on the other, geo-politically this can be a problem if Afghanistan fails to establish a self rule government, because then the neighbors will get involved and de-stabilize a radio active region. This is why the Canadian forces are in Afghanistan to prevent situations like theses from occurring. The whole mission is to educate and act as security for this nation until it could help and provide for its own. If Canadians pull out now what was the reason for coming in the first place ? It would be a waste of time, life and money the only logical thing to do is to stick with it and hope for the best. Canadians are often saying is Canada willing to commit themselves to decades of involvement in Afghanistan, which could cost hundreds of Canadian lives and billions of dollars with no guarantee of ending up with a normal society. This is true to a certain degree that lives will be lost and money will be spent. However is it not the outcome of the situation that counts ? If 1 Canadian dies 1000 people cry If 1000 Afghans die 1 person cries† Canada should be looking towards the future because realistically if we pull out now more Canadian lives could potentially be at stake from al qeida and other terrorist groups. Canada is pushing forward trying to make a Dependant state become independent and yes, this will cost some lives and the use of money but it will benefit them in the long run. S ince there time in Afghanistan, Canada has helped the development process immensely by building infrastructure, impementing vaccination programs, health related issues and an education system. accination program has nearly eradicated the disease in Kandahar province and throughout southern Afghanistan. Second, infant mortality in the region has taken a dramatic downturn. Also there are a lot more children than the previous generation and this is very vital to the development of Afghanistan. The Canadian international development agency is the main contributer to the development aspects of things. They have taken on the role of Investing in the future of Afghan children and youth through development programming in education and health and improving the lives of Afghans, especially women and children. The Afghan people are relying on the international community to help them rebuild their lives and their country after having suffered through decades of instability, oppression and insurgency. By supporting the rebuilding of institutions such as independent courts, police and an army, Canada is laying the ground work out for afghans. This shows that Canadian efforts are not going to waste and more importantly that they are slowly making a change and even though it has taken them 11 years to do so, Canada is finally starting to see results in which do not occur over night. Some people might argue the fact that the government is using the taxpayers money for something that has no beneficial value to the Canadian citizens. People need to realize that Afghanistan was a training ground for terrorists whose actions disrupted Canadian lives and economy. In order to prevent this from happening again Canada is instituting a government system and a strong military force. Also there trying to find a different source in which the afghan economy can flourish because right now Afghanistan main source of income are poppy fields however we know I as heroin. lowly womens ability to explore and achieve improved economic potential is healthier and generates hope for a brighter future for them and their families. Furthermore economic empowerment is not a womens issue its a development issue, there isn't a better way to improve a county's living condition than to empower women. If there are more people in th working class than the country could generate more income. Canad a's involvement allowed women to take a minor step into empowerment, which as we all know is a great deal in Afghanistan. However the problem for the country isn't that it cant generate income, it is that it can development a great economy but the ground work to start them off was never there until the Canadians showed up. The fact is that Afghanistan has substantial untapped natural resources, including not only oil, natural gas and copper but hydro-electric power sources as well. Developing Afghanistan's capacity to export energy could help improve the nation's economy and defuse regional tensions. Canadian corporations should be ready to take part in such major development projects. Our involvement would benefit both Canada and Afghanistan. With so much going for Afghanistan development process and the minor risks taken by Canada, why shouldn't they stay and continue the job that they committed to. The only logical answer could be if there was no development process and the whole was failure, but its not Canada is building and reshaping Afghanistan economy, government. A major step as already been taken by granting women some rights and citizens of Canada need to take notice of this. If canada keeps this up lowly but surely Afghanistan will be a independent country with limited terrorism.

Word Choice Nauseous, Nauseated, or Nauseating - Proofed

Word Choice Nauseous, Nauseated, or Nauseating - Proofed Word Choice: Nauseous, Nauseated, or Nauseating? Do grammatical errors make you feel sick? If so, are you feeling â€Å"nauseous† or â€Å"nauseated†? These words cause a lot of strife among grammarians, so we thought we would clear up some of the controversies by looking at three terms in detail: â€Å"nauseous,† â€Å"nauseated† and â€Å"nauseating.† Time to take your grammatical medicine! Nauseous (Causing Nausea or Feeling Sick) â€Å"Nauseous† is an adjective with two distinct meanings in modern English: Causing nausea or disgust nausea or disgust Feeling sick or disgusted The traditional meaning of â€Å"nauseous† is the first definition above. For example, we might say: The rotting meat gave off a nauseous smell. Here, â€Å"nauseous† implies that the smell of the meat is disgusting. Some (pedantic) people will insist that this first definition is the only â€Å"correct† use of this term. However, in practice, the second definition is widely used as well. As such, we could also say: The smell of the rotting meat made me nauseous. In this case, â€Å"nauseous† describes the feeling of nausea. This is, in fact, the most common meaning of this term in modern English and almost always how it is used in everyday language. Nauseated (Feeling Sick or Disgusted) The traditional word for feeling sick or disgusted is â€Å"nauseated.† This makes it like the second sense of â€Å"nauseous† above, so we would use it as follows: His disgusting habits left me nauseated. This term is actually the simple past tense of the verb â€Å"nauseate,† which means â€Å"to cause nausea.† Nauseating (Causing Nausea) Another variation of this term is the adjective â€Å"nauseating,† which means â€Å"causing nausea or disgust.† It is therefore used in the same way as the first definition of â€Å"nauseous† above. For instance: I find violent movies nauseating. The adverbial form of this word is â€Å"nauseatingly,† which is used when describing an action. Nauseous, Nauseated or Nauseating? So, with all of these overlapping meanings, how do you avoid errors when using these terms? Most of the time, using either â€Å"nauseous† or â€Å"nauseated† to mean â€Å"feeling sick or disgusted† is fine. You can then use â€Å"nauseating† to describe something that causes nausea or disgust, since this term only has one meaning. However, some still prefer to use the old-fashioned meaning of â€Å"nauseous,† especially in formal medical writing. Keep in mind, then, that it may specifically mean â€Å"causing nausea† in some cases. Nauseous = Causing nausea or feeling sick Nauseated = Feeling sick or disgusted Nauseating = Causing nausea

Bonds vs. Bounds

Bonds vs. Bounds Bonds vs. Bounds Bonds vs. Bounds By Mark Nichol What’s the difference between a bond and a bound, and the relationships of the verb and adjective forms? Both words have to do with constraints, but the multiple meanings aren’t necessarily related. A bond is something that binds literally, as with chains, or figuratively, as an agreement or a financial obligation and the word is etymologically related to bind as well as band. The last word is from Old Norse and is related to the Scandinavian word bindan, which means â€Å"to bind.† Borrowed into English, that word developed into two terms: band, meaning â€Å"something that binds,† and bande, meaning â€Å"a flat strip.† With the loss of the appendage e, the four-letter word now represents both meanings. The latter sense of band is the origin of the use of the word in â€Å"rubber band† as well as the reference to a musical ensemble (from the military origin of the band, whose members, as soldiers, would wear insignia, originally in the form of strips of cloth, in common) and, by extension, any group that travels together or associates. However, the second syllable of husband, which means â€Å"dweller,† is etymologically unrelated to band. (The first element, as you may have guessed, means â€Å"house.†) Nevertheless, it became associated with bond because although the Old English word bonda means â€Å"householder,† in the feudal era, the connotation was of a serf or a tenant farmer, hence the idea of restraint. A bound is a limit, and the verb form means â€Å"to form the boundary of,† but from the sense of bind, it also means â€Å"fastened† or â€Å"compelled.† The adjective bound means â€Å"confined† (â€Å"I’m bound to my desk for the next eight hours†) or â€Å"obligated† (â€Å"I’m bound to honor my agreement†), as well as â€Å"sure† (â€Å"It’s bound to get better†) or â€Å"determined† (â€Å"She is bound to get her way†). Note, however, that this last sense can seem ambiguous: â€Å"She is bound to get her way† could be construed as referring to certainty, not resolve. The same word seen in such constructions as â€Å"I’m bound for Europe† and in the compound homebound is unrelated; that word comes from a sense of â€Å"to prepare,† another meaning for the word that formed the second part of husband. The bound used, for example, in the sentence â€Å"They watched him bound from group to group† or forming the root of rebound is from a third source, a French word meaning â€Å"leap† or â€Å"echo.† The noun and verb bend, by the way, is related to band and bind, as well as to the German word bund, meaning â€Å"league.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Regarding Re:15 Types of Documents9 Forms of the Past Tense

Tourism city brand of integrated marketing communications Dissertation

Tourism city brand of integrated marketing communications - Dissertation Example Brunel University Brunel Business School Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 1895 267007 Fax: +44 (0) 1895 269865 Declaration I hereby undertake the completed report on my own and it is my work. I have provided complete acknowledgement to authors of any information that has been previously published and used in this report. It to my best knowledge that the information provided in this report meets all ethical requirements of providing citations throughout the text (Harvard Style). I also understand and accept that my completed report upon submission will become the property of Brunel University which is then allowed to reproduce this report in any for educational and research purposes without seeking consent from me. Student ID: Date: Word Count: Acknowledgements I would like to personally thank my supervisor Dr. XYZ who has been quite supportive despite of his other commitments. Without his guidance it would not have been possible for me to complete this disserta tion in a meaningful manner. This research work has been a one of the best practice in my learning career and has surely help me develop my education research skills which would help in my career. Moreover, without the support of my parents and teachers, it would not have been possible to conduct this research work. I therefore dedicate the work of mine to my parents, teachers, and friends. Abstract The branding and marketing of cities is an essential factor for the governments for the promotion of their cities, and it helps them to improve the economic position of the government in this era of globalization. Over the last few years the London City had been preparing for the event of Olympics which were held almost 2 months ago and keeping in view the phenomenal event of Olympics, this study can be considered as a useful attempt to investigate how integrated marketing communication tools have been used for marketing of Olympic Games 2012 and branding of London city as a host city wh ich has been known for its rich culture and social heritage and setup. The prime objective of this research work is to focus on the integrated marketing tools that are applied in the branding of the London city. For this study, an online survey was conducted through which 150 respondents residing in either UK or other EU countries took part. The data collected from the primary research was subjected to statistical modelling including regression analysis to draw upon the relationship between effectiveness of integrated marketing communication (IMC) used by different authorised organizations on the perception of tourists or travellers visiting London as to whether they feel that IMC has successfully branded the London as the host city of Olympics 2012. The result of the present study has revealed that IMC activities have successfully branded London as a city and there is a significant impact of IMC on branding of London city. Table of Contents 2 Acknowledgements 3 Abstract 4 Chapter 1 - Introduction 11 Chapter 2: Literature Review 20 Chapter 3: Research Methodology 43 Chapter – 04: Findings and Discussion 54 Chapter 5 - Conclusion and Recommendations 71 Appendix I:

Critical and evaluative intellectual biography of Jean-Noel Kapferer 3 Essay - 1

Critical and evaluative intellectual biography of Jean-Noel Kapferer 3 articles - Essay Example Although many managers feel that investment in luxury business is one of best ways to remain profitable, they fail to understand the nature of the products and the best way to approach the market to optimize organization profits. Through a series of research based articles, Kapferer eliminates the vagueness that hinders understanding of luxury brands and provides an approach to invest in luxury business by analysing the client behaviour and their purchasing patterns. Through creation of brand awareness, Kapferer has managed to influence the contemporary business strategies. A close analysis of Kapferer’s contribution the design of the luxury brands will show his great influence in the business market. The main area of focus of Kapferer has been in modern business, especially in the branding of luxury brands. He has dedicated a number of his works to the luxury market that for long has become vague, putting the managers at the risk of failure in this market. His strong background in business is linked to his great experience and knowledge in the field of business. Kapferer is MBA holder from HEC Paris and PhD in North-western University in USA. Currently, he serves as a professor as HEC Business school, one of the schools that have won the first position among Europe business school. Overtime, Kapferer has developed the skill of indepth and critical analysis of brands with the aim of providing product design strategies that can be applied in the practical business environment. He has produced a number of books in different languages that have become brand icons in the business environment. His experience as a business consultant in the international business environment has contri buted to his influence in the business environment (Kapferer, 1996). Having identified the vagueness that exists in the understanding of luxury products, Kapferer seeks to provide disambiguation through an in-depth analysis of the factors

Fear and Indifference Reinforce Oppression and Individual Courage Essay

Fear and Indifference Reinforce Oppression and Individual Courage - Essay Example Fear and indifference reinforce oppression that creates social inequality; ending it starts with firm individual convictions that begin like a flame before burning across the society it wants to change. When people fear to protect the oppressed or to fight because they are oppressed, they are reinforcing oppression through silently allowing it to continue in their society. Wendell Steavenson interviewed women who both represent or vilify women rights. Hend Badawi participated in the Tahrir Square to depose Mubarak and his repressive regime. Though she is a good example of a person who fights for her rights, her conservative family punished her for her activism. Steavenson quoted Mona Eltahawy, a feminist writer, who said: â€Å"The regime oppresses everyone, but society represses only women†. Society oppresses women, not only by participating on socially stigmatizing and physically and emotionally hurting women who fight for their rights but also by remaining silent on their p leas. Silence can be accompanied with fear, like those who no longer pressed charges against the police for physically and sexually harassing them through public virginity tests. By not talking about their fears and fighting their oppressors, they are strengthening the resolve of their oppressors to treat them as second-class citizens. Alex Ross talks about another gender issue, this time, the fight for gays’ demand for equal rights and freedoms. Gays in the 80s were afraid to come out because of discrimination and violence against them.

Benefits of Evidence Based Practice in Nursing

Benefits of Evidence Based Practice in Nursing Assignment: Nursing Evidence based details Table of Contents Part A: Essay References Part A: Essay The health care practices that are evidence based are accessible for many diseases and ill health cases like diabetes, heart failure, Asthma etc. The implementations of the evidence-based safety excercises is not an easy job, and require to form policies which deal with the complication of the health-care system. There is a requirement for the healthcare ways to be evidence based as per the changing environments. The evidence based practice is considerable and very careful in utilization of the existing finest evidences along with the clinical know-how and the norms of the patients to make right decisions in terms of health care. These best evidences comprise of practical evidences as of unsystematic controlled assessments, as of few scientific approaches like descriptive and qualitative study with the implication of details of some previous researches, reports, and opinions of the skilled people. In case there is not much of the research evidence accessible, then the health care decisions can be taken by non research substantiations like, opinions of the experienced people etc. And in case, the ample research results are accessible, then the practice can be as per the substantiation of it along with the skills in nursing and the norms of the patients (Cullen et al.2005) The models for the evidence based practice (EBP) are many in number and have been put to use in various clinical situations. All these models have one or two components which are similar. These can be choice of a theme for the EBP, evaluation and syntheses of evidence, application, and assessment of the influence on the care of the patients and the thoughts regarding the situations in which these practices are exercised. The discovering that happens amid the procedure of making an interpretation of examination into practice is profitable data to catch and input into the process, so others can adjust the confirmation based rule and/or the execution methodologies (Straus, 2000). There is wide acknowledgement of the idea that interdisciplinary joint effort is a vital building square for effective health-care groups. This conviction is grounded in our understanding of how group’s capacity to address complex care needs that change with intense sickness or damage. This general understanding has been accepted in studies that have reported good conclusions connected with effectively executing interdisciplinary models of health-care conveyance in non-discriminating care settings. The brief time spans over which the care needs of basically sick or harmed grown-ups change and the group approach taken by almost all Icus emphatically propose that interdisciplinary cooperation is additionally gainful in this setting. It has been foreseen that those health-care arrangements that productively employ interdisciplinary partnership will be prior to the arc in offering premium care at as small a price as probable. These kinds of institutions will in addition possibly b e superior situated for civilizing teaching and offering a better groundwork for decisive care study in their establishments. Source: Leape, 2005 Steps of advertising reception of EBPs could be seen from the point of view of the individuals who behavior scrutinize or produce knowledge, those who utilize the proof based data in practice, and the individuals who serve as limit spanners to connection learning generators with information clients. These phases of information exchange are seen through the viewpoint of scientists/makers of new learning and start with figuring out what discoveries from the patient security portfolio or individual exploration ventures should be dispersed. Steps of learning move in the AHRQ model speak to three real stages: (1) Information creation and refining- Information creation and refining is leading exploration (with expected variety in preparation for utilization in health care conveyance frameworks) and afterward bundling significant examination discoveries into items that might be put vigorously, for example, particular practice suggestions consequently improving the probability that exploration confirmation will think that its path into practice.37 It is crucial that the learning refining procedure be educated and guided by end clients for examination discoveries to be executed in care conveyance. The criteria utilized within learning refining ought to incorporate viewpoints of the end clients (e.g., transportability to this present reality health care setting, plausibility, volume of confirmation required by health care associations and clinicians), and also customary information era contemplations (e.g., quality of the proof, generalizability). (2) Dispersion and spread- Dispersion and spread includes banding together with expert presumption pioneers and health care associations to scatter learning that can structure the premise of activity (e.g., crucial components for release educating for hospitalized patient with heart disappointment) to potential clients. Dispersal organizations join analysts with mediators that can work as learning representatives and connectors to the professionals and health care conveyance associations. Middle people might be proficient associations, for example, the National Patient Safety Foundation or multidisciplinary information exchange groups, for example, those that are powerful in scattering exploration based malignancy avoidance programs. In this model, scattering associations give a legitimate seal of approbation for new learning and help distinguish persuasive gatherings and groups that can make an interest for application of the proof in practice. Both mass correspondence and focused on dispersal are utilized to achieve groups of onlookers with the expectation that early clients will impact the last adopters of the new usable, confirmation based examination discoveries. Focused on dispersal endeavors must use multifaceted spread procedures, with a stress on channels and media that are best for specific client portions (e.g., attendants, doctors, drug specialists)? (3) Authoritative reception and execution. End client reception, usage, and systematization is the last phase of the information exchange process.37 This stage concentrates on getting associations, groups, and people to receive and reliably utilize proof based exploration discoveries and advancements in ordinary practice. Actualizing and managing EBPs in health care settings includes complex interrelationships among the EBP point (e.g., lessening of pharmaceutical failures), the hierarchical social framework aspects, (for example, operational structures and qualities, the outer health natures domain), and the individual clinicians.35, 37–39 A mixed bag of techniques for execution incorporate utilizing a change champion as a part of the association who can address potential usage difficulties, guiding/attempting the change in a specific patient care territory of the association, and utilizing multidisciplinary execution groups to support in the commonsense parts of inserting developments into continuous authoritative me thodologies. Changing practice requires significant exertion at both the individual and authoritative level to apply confirmation based data and items in a specific connection. At the point when changes in care are exhibited in the pilot studies and conveyed to other important units in the association, key faculty might then consent to completely receive and manage the change in practice. Once the EBP change is fused into the structure of the association, the change is no more considered an advancement however a customary of care. Application of evidence to every patient Application of evidence to every patient administration is such an argumentative issue, to the point that it merits further elaboration (Titler, Cullen and Ardery, 2002). Once the clinician has found the evidence important to the patients clinical condition, he/ she need to choose about its appropriateness. Measures of treatment viability got from clinical trials are normal measures and because of the unavoidable biologic variability, are certain to change over the populace. Be that as it may it pays to remember that patients selected in clinical trials are prone to be significantly more like one another than they are liable to be different. Thus, significant contrasts in the greatness of impact are impossible (Karthikeyan, 2007). Qualitatively diverse impacts (hurt for some and profit for others) are to a great degree uncommon. In this way, the consequences of clinical trials could be connected at the bedside, to patients extensively like those in clinical trials with the reckoning of profits like that seen in the trials. The vicinity of co-dreariness and expansive contrasts in age from the study populace is a few components, which can genuinely impact the clinicians choice. A related region of significance to individual-patient choice making is the utilization of subgroup dissects. As clinicians, the aftereffects of subgroup dissects hold instinctive engage us. It is calming to recall that, implanted in any clinical trial populace; there are a limitless number of subgroups and subgroup impacts, the vast majority of which are spurious. The genuine trouble is in searching out the genuine subgroup impacts. In assessing subgroup breaks down, the accompanying issues need to be viewed as: (i) Were the dissects pre-specified or were they left upon in the wake of looking at the information, (ii) How expansive are the impacts? (iii) Is the subgroup impact biotically conceivable? (iv) Would it say it is factually not quite the same as whatever is left of the study populace? v) Is there substantiating evidence from different studies? The criteria for tolerating subgroup results need to be stringent on the grounds that, as we called attention to, most are spurious and in fact, not very many subgroup breakdowns have rested the test of time. Nursing division has an important part to play in the plan of evidence-based conveyance of care. EBP just obliges that the clinician be sufficiently acquainted with the evidence-base in his/ her field and have the capacity to unbiasedly evaluate it, so he or she can apply it suitably in practice. Clinicians ought to recognize that EBP is a paramount stage in the advancement of the act of prescription, which endeavors to convey care of consistently high caliber. As the central executors in charge of conveying this care, they ought to instruct and prepare themselves better for this key part. References Cullen L, Greiner J, Greiner J, et al. Excellence in evidence-based practice: an organizational and MICU exemplar. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 2005;17(2):127-42. Leape LL. Advances in patient safety: from research to implementation. Vol. 3, Implementation issues. AHRQ Publication No. 05-0021-3. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2005. Karthikeyan G. Evidence-based medicine and clinical judgment: an imaginary divide. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 49 : 1012. Straus SE, McAlister FA. Evidence-based medicine: a commentary on common criticisms. CMAJ 2000; 163 : 837- 41. Titler MG, Cullen L, Ardery G. Evidence-based practice: an administrative perspective. Reflect Nurs Leadersh 2002;28(2):26-27, 46.