The True Meaning of Intelligence Essays - 948 Words

When a person utters the word â€Å"intelligence,† people tend to think of a genius like Albert Einstein developing some obscure equation that the great majority of the population will never understand. The problem with the definition of intelligence is that people relate intelligence to words like â€Å"genius† which require intelligence but do not have the same definition as intelligence. Often, people try to use related words to define intelligence, but these words are unable to define intelligence since many are only different levels of intelligence. While many definitions try to encompass the meaning of intelligence and various definitions describe a small part of intelligence, no definition completely explains intelligence, because†¦show more content†¦Although intelligence is a concept, there are many definitions that try to describe and interpret intelligence for people. One of the many definitions is the â€Å"capacity to understand† (World English Dictionary: Intelligence). This definition is describing intelligence and giving one facet of the diamond that is the various definitions of intelligence. This simple definition is often used by many common people, but a more in depth definition is â€Å"the ability to derive information, learn from experience, adapt to the environment, understand, and correctly utilize thought and reaction† (APA Dictionary of Psychology: Intelligence). This definition delves deeper into intelligence and paints a general picture of intelligence but is unable to define intelligence for a simple reason. Intelligence is a concept and thus is impossible to completely define by one comprehensive definition. Since intelligence is a concept, there are no words that are able to completely explain the concept, but there are words that can give a general idea of the concept. Intelligence has three main facets that must be acknowledged before one can understand intelligence. Each facet is intertwined with another of the facets that each connect to create intelligence. The three facets are logic, growth, and emotion. The logic of intelligence allows one to solve problems in order toShow MoreRelatedMilitary Leadership Styles And Philosophies1534 Words   |  7 Pagesaccomplish a mission and feel proud of being a part of the unit. Therefore, a successful military leader must possess emotional intelligence to build trust in the organization, enforce ethics to foster values that exemplify what the unit is fighting for, and apply a transformational approach to motivate the team to reach their full potential. Emotional intelligence, with its five domains, will allow a leader to use interpersonal skills to build trust in the organization between the commander andRead MoreEssay Intelligence1688 Words   |  7 Pageslife on intelligence. They do everything possible to get ahead in life. To get ahead, they cheat each other, back stab, and commit many sinful acts. Also, they educate themselves so they are capable of doing whatever is required of them. Society is trying to always make themselves smarter. Are they trying to change something that they have no control over though? Intelligence is something that everybody has, but is something that is developed over time. The development of intelligence has manyRead MoreFrames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences by Howard Gardner1507 Words   |  7 PagesWords hold such power and meaning that tend to evolve throughout the years. As I set out to read on the â€Å"Theory of Multiple Intelligences† by Howard Gardner I seem to que stion the meaning of Intelligence. Although I have never pondered a single word more feverishly as I have in the last couple weeks it has been quite an endeavor. According to Merriam-Webster (2014), â€Å"Intelligence: the ability to learn or understand things or to deal with new or difficult situations.† Howard Gardner first publishesRead More intelligence Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pages Intelligence is a very broad subject although it seems easily defined. A great amount of different meanings are given to intelligence as a concept from various cultures and sciences. Throughout history psychologists and sociologist have been trying to devise a way to reveal the level of intellect animals or humans possess. However this quest might not have a definitive answer. Intelligence therefore should be considered to be a broad and elusive concept with many distinct aspects to it. ResearchRead MoreSocial Class In Twelfth Night Essay875 Words   |  4 Pageswith wit and proceeds to disprove the stereotypes surrounding his title. As a fool, Feste is expected to embody his title and possess little wit. However, as he and Olivia continue to argue, he uses his wit to flip this cliche, proving her to be the true fool. Olivia exits this scene in higher spirits, due to Feste’s comedy, rather than Feste exiting in a body bag, as most would have expected. Shakespeare uses Feste’s humor and Gibson 2 diction in this scene to develop not only the characters, butRead MoreInequality Between The Authoritarian Teacher And Students933 Words   |  4 Pages2.22 Inequality of Intelligence The hierarchical power relationship between the authoritarian teacher and students inherently stands in opposition to the equality of intelligence. Probing further in the direction of intelligence, authority is constructed on the ground of a certain form of inequality between who is intelligent and who is not (Tocqueville et al., 2000). This premise of inequality in intelligence is enacted throughout the educational process in traditional teaching. According to Rancià ¨reRead MoreThe Issues Of Measuring Intelligence1694 Words   |  7 Pages The Issues of Measuring Intelligence in Black Children The Lincoln University Deva Bennett Abstract Race stereotyping has been in existence for a long time now. The idea of color and superiority has had a great precedence in some people for a long time now. Researchers have had to deal with the problem of proving equality. Psychological assessments done on people with color have been greatly polarized. There has been purported bias on the tests done to such individuals, as thereRead MoreStandardized Tests Are Not A Success1347 Words   |  6 Pagesthem. There are many problems within a standardized test that deems them to be unreliable as a true test of knowledge. Although designed to test groups of students on intelligence, standardized testing neglects to fairly acknowledge the abilities of each unique student which reflect their true capabilities. Testing has been used for centuries in many different ways, not just to test student intelligence levels. According to an article written in Time, the earliest form of a standardized test comesRead MoreHow Close Are We Really Artificial Intelligence?1249 Words   |  5 PagesHow Close Are We Really to Artificial Intelligence? In The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, written by Douglas Adams, a man named Arthur Dent wakes up and finds himself at the beginning of beyond a bad day. When he learns that a friend of his is actually an alien with advanced knowledge of Earth s impending destruction, he is transported off the Earth seconds before it is exploded to make way for a new hyperspace motorway. And as if that s not enough, throw in being wanted by the police, EarthRead MoreHuman Perception And The Evolution Of Intelligence1394 Words   |  6 Pagesfeeling I felt towards self-awareness The questions of sentient perception have plagued man since the dawn of his very own intelligence. Homo Sapiens are a consciousness species, that means humans have an awareness of oneself and the external objects in the world that surround them. Humans perception of the world around them had rapidly changed with the evolution of intelligence. People were now capable of theorizing the external objects that surrounded them like the cosmos that is littered with stars

Practical Wisdom Free Essays

First Book Review Schwartz, B. , Sharpe, K. (2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Practical Wisdom or any similar topic only for you Order Now Practical Wisdom: The Right Way To Do The Right Thing. Riverhead Books. New York. Summary Schwartz and Sharpe present an interesting array of examples of how there has been a demoralisation of the medical, legal, educational and financial institutions. Where efficiency, accountability and profits become the driving force of organisations, the authors argue this causes a corruption and demoralisation of practitioners where they become discouraged from getting the balance right. The authors suggest we take refuge in rules however the rules keep us from understanding what we are doing. They share how some conscientious professionals who no longer find it possible to practice their profession following the rules and incentives set, have practically applied their knowledge to facilitate a more humane way of practicing which the authors label as practical wisdom. Review The authors refer to what Aristotle named â€Å"phronesis† (practical wisdom) which is obtained through learning from experience and applying to new situations. Rules and incentives, sticks and carrots† will not create wisdom. Finding practical ways to apply contextualised knowledge takes courage to question conventional thinking or practices. Practical wisdom as highlighted by the authors is like an antidote to both rules and incentives: it appeals to good judgement and responsibility. This cannot be taught but gained through experiences where these experiences increase awareness an d promote critical thinking: encouraging one to examine and assess for themselves â€Å"the right way to do the right thing. In the book an example is given whereby a cleaner was accused of not cleaning the hospital room by a patient’s father even though he had done so. The cleaner chose to not engage in an argument and exercised wisdom about the consequences of holding onto his â€Å"rights† and he just went and re-cleaned the room . Knowing when to exercise this wisdom is at the heart of what the author’s discuss. The author’s encourage you to self-reflect and think more consciously about what you do. Reading some of the examples in this book where practical wisdom was exercised, reminded me of something I once heard: â€Å"in any situation you can choose to be right or kind†. This comment had a visceral impact on me and gratefully comes to mind at times where I am reminded about the way in which I can choose to act in a given situation. I believe this is what the authors are encouraging. I did not learn anything new from this book but it was a great reminder of wanting to be a ‘good person’ in all relationships and encounters and encouraged me to be more mindful of my choices and the impact of my actions. How to cite Practical Wisdom, Essay examples

Backbone free essay sample

â€Å"All girls 4200 meter runners please report to the track. All girls running the 42.† The last place I wanted to report to was the track. Honestly, I thought I was going to vomit. What am I doing? I am not a track runner, and certainly not a 4200 meter runner. â€Å"Ready, Meghan?† Absolutely not. How did Coach Underwood expect me, the slowest runner on the track team, to sprint an entire 200 meter relay against some of the fastest runners in the state? As I pace over to lane five, I apologize in advance to my teammates, just in case I cannot finish the race. As Underwood directs me to the proper lane, I look him in the eyes and say, â€Å"There is absolutely no way I can do this.† He stares at me and says, â€Å" I know you can do it. Just try your best, Meg.† Ugh. I know I have to try for Underwood, but the only thought going through my head is â€Å"Why do I even run track?† The gun sounds off. We will write a custom essay sample on Backbone or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I cannot breathe. I seriously cannot breathe. As I make the final turn, I think I may be dying. â€Å"Why did I not use my inhaler right before I ran?† Good question, because my lungs are in desperate need of air. 55 meters left. I see Sophie waiting for me to hand the baton off to her. â€Å"Yes, Meghan, you can do this.† I tell myself dubiously. Then again, maybe I can’t. Until, over all of the noise in the field house, I hear, â€Å"Go Meghan! You got this! Finish strong!† Courtney is cheering me on from the edge of the track. I start to run a little faster. â€Å"You’re so close Meg, you got this!† Kate, Savannah, and Catlen are screaming for me too. â€Å"Go Meg!† Kelly yells and I think â€Å"Okay, maybe I actually can do this.† With 15 meters of my 200 meter relay left I hear, â€Å"Meg you did it!† It’s Sophie, finally. I hand her the baton and think, â€Å"Deep, slow breaths.† I repeat this over and over in my head. Bent over, profusely panting and sweating, I look to my left and there is Underwood. â€Å"I knew you could do it, Meghan. I’m so proud of you.† I actually did it. About two months after my first, and only, successful track meet, I am waiting, stage left, for th e school production of How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying to begin, with me as the â€Å"leading lady†. As I wait for the curtain to open, and the orchestra to strike their opening chord, beads of sweat begin to trickle down my temples. My stomach twists into knots and my knees begin to weaken. Oh no, I think to myself, I can’t do this. I try to recall the steps to my first dance and the lyrics to my first song, but my mind is blank. â€Å"Places, everyone! Get ready! The show is about to begin!† My nerves skyrocket as I struggle to remember the words of my first song. â€Å"Is it Where will I find a treasure or Here’s where I find the treasure†? I honestly cannot remember, until, out of nowhere, I hear a hushed voice, â€Å"Break a leg Meghan! You’re going to be amazing! Can’t wait to watch you shine on stage!† I quickly turn and see Olivia whispering to me with her arms wide open, waiting to embrace me and wish me luck. As the opening notes of my big number are played my nerves begin to take over. The lights shine brightly on me and it feels like my heart is pounding out of my chest. Quickly succumbing to my anxiety a lump forms in my throat and I fear I will not be able to sing. I briefly glance glance off stage and see Olivia smiling wide. Okay, maybe I can do this. It all suddenly comes back to me. As I belt out the final lyrics to my song and the lights dim, I run off the stage and there she is, waiting to congratulate me on my performance. I actually did it. As the final gunshot sounds, signaling the last race, and the closing curtain falls, signaling the last performance, I think back to all of my asthma attacks while running, all of the stressful practices, and all of the moments of stage fright and ask myself, why didn’t I just give up? Then it dawns on me, my teammates, my coach, and all my friends kept me going. Their constant praise from the sidelines of the track to the wings of the stage replays over and over in my head. As I hear their voices cheering for me in my mind, I realize that they are my backbone and with their support I can be the fastest runner, the star of the show, and my own cheerleader even if I don’t think so.

AIDS in Sub Saharan Africa and in San Francisco

Key Drivers of HIV/AIDS in Sub Saharan Africa and in San Francisco Introduction HIV/AIDS continues to be a leading cause of alarm globally. New infections and deaths due to HIV/AIDS related complications are major issues that need to be dealt with urgently. It is particularly alarming in the sub-Saharan Africa where an average of 10% HIV prevalence in adults has been recorded. This is very high compared to the global average of 1%. The Southern Africa region accounts for about 40% of the global population living with HIV.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Key Drivers of HIV/AIDS in Sub Saharan Africa and in San Francisco specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the female gender is more affected by the pandemic with women and girls accounting for about 60% of this population. Although the records indicate optimistic results, there is still need to enhance the campaign. In San Francisco, the new infections and death tolls may be on a down slope but the marginalized groups are still at a risk and this needs to be addressed. In this paper the key drivers of HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa and San Francisco will be discussed. HIV/AIDS in Sub Saharan Africa The extent of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in the region can be attributed to such things as; Sexual behavior-many men and women in the region have different sex partners concurrently; these may be in cases of polygamy, small houses (side partners apart from spouse) and prostitution. Many of them do not use condoms consistently meaning that safe sex practice has not been cultivated in them (Jana et al, 13-16). Secondly, male circumcision is practiced in very low levels and as we know, male circumcision is a major boost in the prevention efforts so lack of it is on the contrary. A third driver is the stigma associated with infection. This lack of acceptance by the individual and the community forces an infected person to keep their status secret which leads to further spread of the virus. In some cases some people d o not want to know their status for fear of stigmatization and this brings down the efforts of treating the infected persons. Also many sexually transmitted infections go untreated mainly due to this fear and they are a factor that encourages HIV infection. Male attitudes towards gender related issues such as reproductive health is also another contributing factor. Men do not involve themselves in such issues and therefore many of them lack the knowledge to curb the pandemic. They involve themselves in intergenerational sex, gender based violence and sexual violence. This means that the women and girls are the major victims of the men’s ignorance hence the high number of infections in females (Expert Think Tank Meeting on HIV Prevention in High-Prevalence Countries in Southern Africa 5-7). HIV/AIDS in San Francisco In San Francisco, the efforts of prevention and treatment have born fruits since the number of new infections and HIV/AIDs related deaths is on a downward trend. T he reduction in these numbers can be highly attributed to the change of sexual behavior in heterosexual men and women and non-injecting drug users.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cases of new infections in these groups of people are very rare. However, there are still other driving forces in the spread of the disease and these include; Homosexual behavior; men who have sexual relationships with other men are at a major risk of infection. Transfemales are also another group of people who are on the higher side of the risk and hence their behavior is a key driver for the epidemic. Injection drug use is another major driving force. HIV transmission among this group of people is very likely and so the risk of new infections is unacceptably high. Disparities and unequal treatment for different groups of people may have been a major drawback on the efforts but it is now on the downward slope. This is as a result of the efforts by different care groups to involve representation of all the communities; including the marginalized groups, in the decision making process (San Francisco HIV Prevention Plan 1). Comparison between the key Drivers in the two regions The driving forces in these two regions are very different since they are driven by the people’s lifestyles which in these cases are worlds apart. As a comparison of the key drivers in these regions, we look at the drivers the way they affect the efforts made to eradicate the disease. As we have seen in the discussion earlier, the major driving forces in the sub Saharan Africa can be attributed to the regions position in terms of development. Most countries in the region are developing countries; and factors such as gender and sexual violence, poverty which leads to intergenerational sex and prostitution especially in women are inherent in these countries. This makes the prevention and treatment processes very hard since some people are driven to the wall by circumstances; meaning that they may be willing to change their ways but the situations they are in cannot allow that. In San Francisco however, the major driving force is the sexual orientation of individuals as well as drug and substance abuse. These can not be attributed to under development, therefore, the efforts to curb the epidemic can only be strengthened by the people’s willingness to change their ways. If the high risk groups of people are willing, they can put in their efforts; for instance, the gay community can accept to learn and use preventive measures, the drug users can accept rehabilitation plans or in extreme cases they should take precautions in their sharing.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Key Drivers of HIV/AIDS in Sub Saharan Africa and in San Francisco specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Response o f the Church to the Key Drivers of HIV/AIDS The church has made a lot of efforts in the fight against HIV/AIDs; However, this has not prevented the spread of the disease. This continued deterioration can be attributed to the churches ethical, liturgical and ministerial practices. These have encouraged the spread of the disease both passively and actively. These factors include the lack of an open, realistic way of involvement due to the shyness in addressing sex education and sexuality issues which are involved in prevention of HIV spread. Exclusion, theological interpretation of scriptures and definition of sin have contributed to increase stigmatization and suffering. A plan has been put forward to add an ecumenical dimension to the church’s effort and if implemented, it is bound to yield better results (Global consultation on the ecumenical response to the challenge of HIV/AIDS in Africa 9) In the US, the church’s involvement is mainly through faith based organizati ons. These have continually offered support to the infected and affected in terms of medical care, food supplies, cancelling and the general support needed morally and spiritually. They have also offered care to the care givers and education to the communities on the risk factors and prevention services. The government has since supported these organizations through federal funding. Laws have also been put down to prevent discrimination against such organization, the beneficiary or volunteer on the basis of religion. Also, it ensures that nobody should be forced to get involved in any religious activity involuntarily. These partnerships ensure that the church’s efforts are delivered painlessly and the beneficiaries are satisfied. Conclusion From these findings, we can conclude that the spread of HIV is highly dependent on a people’s lifestyle. This covers the level of development, the cultural beliefs and religious beliefs. The Church and the various arms of government can play a major role in the effort to curb the pandemic especially when they work together. Expert Think Tank Meeting on HIV Prevention in High-Prevalence Countries in Southern Africa. SADC 2006: 5-10. Web. â€Å"Global consultation on the ecumenical response to the challenge of HIV/AIDS in Africa.† The Ecumenical Response to HIV/AIDS in Africa 2001: Web.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Jana Mere, Nkambule Paul and Tumbo D; One Love: Multiple and concurrent Sexual Partnerships in Southern Africa: A Ten Country Research Report. 2008:13-36 Web. â€Å"San Francisco HIV Prevention Plan.† San Francisco HIV Prevention Planning Council 2010: 1-3. Web.

Major Themes in The Green Mile

Major Themes in The Green Mile Free Online Research Papers The Green Mile by Stephen King is the story of a man with god-given powers of healing sentenced to death for killing two young girls. The themes of compassion and sacrifice can be seen in this movie. One part of this movie that shows lack of compassion is when one of the prison guards, Percy, kills one of the prisoner’s pet mouse showing how little he cares about other people. Percy in this movie does not show any kind of good towards other people. He does not seem to care at all for anyone but himself. This movie is about death row in a Louisiana prison. The last walk, from the cell to the electric chair is known at this prison as The Green Mile, due to the color of the floor. One item of special emphasis is that when the condemned man is seated in the electric chair, the prison guard in charge of the execution is supposed to place a wet sponge on top of the head of the prisoner, just before the head strap is secured with one of the main wires for the electrical current. This is meant to speed up the execution on the basis that water is a very good conductor of electricity, and the wet sponge conducts the current immediately into the brain of the prisoner. This kills the inmate quickly, and mercifully (as mercifully as this method can make possible). The preparation for the execution is ended, just before the juice is turned on, with the words: God have mercy on your soul! It was also interesting that, when one prisoner is executed, and the guard in charge fails to use water on the sponge, there is a very ugly, painful and vicious electrocution in which the prisoner does not die immediately, but is badly burned and thrashes back and forth until the body is essentially a pile of charred remains. This movie has mixed feelings for me. I am saddened when I see the soon to be prisoner holding onto the two girls he had just killed. Seeing him like that with the two girls makes me hate him for what he has done to the girls, and makes me want the worst possible punishment for him even if it is the death penalty. Later on in the movie, he seems to gain the trust of the guards. He makes them think he really is innocent, and did nothing wrong. He makes them think he is God because he heals the one prison guard from a bladder infection, and then heals the warden’s wife. I find it quite interesting that even though he brutally murdered two young farm girls and were found with them next to him, and the girl’s blood on him, that the prison guards think he is innocent as soon as he walks in the prison door. Seeing this movie makes me wonder how prisoners are treated in our prisons right here in our own country, our own county, or even our own city. If the guards treat all prisoners like they treated the prisoner in â€Å"The Green Mile†, prison may not seem as bad as some think, or for some, better than the streets. The camera angles in this movie are at different angles. I believe they had the cameras down low in order to make the prisoner seem really tall which in turn made the guards seem really short. I am not sure what this movie can teach someone about being human, other than that everyone makes mistakes in their lives whether it is small ones that can be overlooked, or big ones that can cost you your life. I think when the prisoner healed the prison guard, and warden’s wife, that was not human. Humans cannot heal each other like that. All in all, I think this was a good movie, other than I think it gave people the impression that murdering someone is ok, because you will be treated nicely in prison up until you are electrocuted. You are allowed to do things that you may not be able to do otherwise. Research Papers on Major Themes in "The Green Mile"Book Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XCapital PunishmentWhere Wild and West MeetThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Hockey GameMind TravelArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Spring and AutumnQuebec and CanadaHip-Hop is Art

Organisation Structure, Employee Motivation And Effectivness Dissertation

Organisation Structure, Employee Motivation And Effectivness - Dissertation Example It will then discuss the applicability of various motivational theories towards the improvement of employee motivation and effectiveness in the day to day running of organisations. Literature Review This paper seeks to give an analysis of the interrelationship among organisational structure on employee motivation and organisational effectiveness. The question that the research paper seeks to answer is whether organisational structure has a significant impact on employee motivation and organisational effectiveness. In an attempt to answer this question, an integrative review of literature will be conducted. Aswathappa, (2005) asserts that many researchers have concentrated in research work on areas of improving productivity based on separate aspects such as organisational structure, motivation of workers and organisational effectiveness disregarding the fact that the interrelationship between the three plays an integral part in production. It is for this reason that the study in quest ion studies the relationship between the three aspects. To begin with, the researcher will give general overviews of the four theories. The researcher will then describe the research methodology and give an overview of the reviewed literature. Historical overview Virgin Group is a collection of companies constituting one of the largest organizations in the globe. Since its establishment, Virgin Group has posed diversity in its business operations in the entire industry. The smart structure of the Virgin Group owes its origin to the core founder, Richard Branson, who created a decentralized organizational structure that allows its employees to act based on their own reasoning. This helps reduce bureaucracy where workers are subjected to adherence to bureaucratic procedures. In... This article stresses that Virgin Group is a collection of companies constituting one of the largest organizations in the globe. Since its establishment, Virgin Group has posed diversity in its business operations in the entire industry. The smart structure of the Virgin Group owes its origin to the core founder, Richard Branson, who created a decentralized organizational structure that allows its employees to act based on their own reasoning. This paper makes a conclusion that environmental changes can sometimes have adverse effect in large organisations as a result large organizations that have complex structures such as Virgin Group need to adapt swiftly to these changes. In this case such an organisation requires an organic structure that will allow flexibility in an ever dynamic environment. If each of these companies were to operate independently then, each providing a unique good or service, Virgin Group would been said to have product departmentalization where each division operates based on the product or service it offers. However, Virgin Group structure offers a unique scenario because a company affiliated to it does not have to necessarily specialize in one department. The executive is required to look at fairness in judgement of different situations since different situations require different interventions. In addition to this, the theory serves minor purposes in the public domain. Virgin Group understands th e importance of job security and stability in ensuring motivation of it employees.

What roles did faith and reason play in the intellectual life of the Research Paper

What roles did faith and reason play in the intellectual life of the Middle Ages - Research Paper Example With this, the paper will explore the concept between faith and reason and how they contributed to the development of knowledge has been studied. With outcomes gathered from the said exploration, this paper came with the conclusion that not only did faith and reason function as a harmonious duo during the medieval era, both also needed each other in the first place to prosper and contribute to the intellectual life modern society is enjoying today. The Middle Ages is a timeline collection of many developments. Specifically, it was both a dark and colorful combination of social reconstruction, formed conflicts in the foreign landscape and the revolution and optimization of many different aspects in the society (â€Å"British History: Middle Ages†). Nevertheless, despite the bombardment of many occurrences, one important point of study regarding this period in history is the status of the time’s intellectual life. The construct that makes this a worthy object of attention lies in two molding factors—faith and reason. These two is said to have governed the intellectual presence of the middle ages. The main purpose of this paper then seeks to uncover what roles did faith and reason play in the medieval times that produced the level of intellectual outcome that defined the Middle Ages. Faith and the Medieval Times The discussion of the middle ages, as a point in history, is oftentimes associated with the prosperity of the Christian faith and its consequent contribution in the development of today’s theological thinking. Given that this particular faith is not shared by all of members of today’s population, the interpretation of the Middle Ages in relation to faith differs across academics, critics, historians, and the like. This difference can be considered as a problematic factor in the study of that point in history. The phenomenons where interpretive analysis of the medieval times has differed in extremes have been properly ackn owledged with a term. As per the work of Van Engen, the Christian Middle Ages could be considered as a â€Å"historiographical problem† (519). For others like Gilson, and similarly with that of Brown, focus of the work on the specific point in time has been devoted to attributing the full development of Christianity and the total characteristic of the faith during the middle ages. The bottom-line with this particular focus is that Christianity has played a major role during that time--affecting many aspects of societal life. Listening to Reason in the Middle Ages On a similar stance, reason during the Middle Ages has also been given an equal amount of attention by scholars and academics alike. The work of Alexander Murray has vastly tackled how reason affected the society during the given period. More importantly, the particular work has contrasted itself to be another definition of the medieval ages. Whereas the period was prominently known to be an era of faith due to its c entralization of Christianity, Murray has also given emphasis that reason also governed the said stage (page number). The work of Edward Grant has supported the previous author’s contention as he set his focus on the reason-oriented developments of the Middle Ages (1). In so doing, Grant have detailed that it was during the Middle Ages that the pillars of today’s politics and government have taken the form. Particularly, the emergence of â€Å"the nation state, parliaments, [and] democracy† (1) during the time could be viewed as the source of development for the governance of present day nations. Moreover, it was also during the same stage that foundations of commerce and banking have been established. However, if these achievements be tallied, the